طراحی مدل اشتیاق کاری اعضای هیأت‌علمی دانشگاه‌

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری مدیریت دولتی، مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه اشتیاق کاری کارکنان به‌منزله یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود بهره‌وری و عملکرد، بیش‌ازپیش مورد توجه سازمان‌های پیشرو قرار گرفته است. بااین‌حال، جای خالی توجه به اشتیاق کاری استادان دانشگاه، به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین کنشگران دانشگاه بسیار محسوس است. دراین‌خصوص ارائه مدلی از وضع موجودِ اشتیاق کاری استادان مشتاق دانشگاه‌های ایران، می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز توجه به این مهم و انجام اقدامات لازم برای بهبود آن باشد و حرکت دانشگاه‌ها به سمت وضع مطلوب را تسهیل و تسریع نماید. هدف از این پژوهش که به شیوه کیفی انجام شده است، طراحی مدل اشتیاق کاری اعضای هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه‌های ایران است. بدین‌منظور نمونه‌گیری به شیوه نظری انجام شد، پژوهشگران با مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته داده‌ها را از استادان مشتاق دانشگاه‌‌ها، گردآوری نموده و به تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها با راهبرد نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد، رویکرد ساخت‌گرای چارمز پرداختند. درنهایت مدلی از وضع موجود اشتیاق کاری استادان مشتاق ارائه و برای بهبود، سازوکارهایی پیشنهاد شد تا با حضور استادان پرشور و مشتاق، دانشجویانی مشتاق‌تر داشته باشیم و درراستای رسیدن به وضع مطلوب گام برداریم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


حسنقلی‌پور، حکیمه و امیری، مجتبی (1398)، شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر نگهداشت اعضای هیئت‌علمی در آموزش عالی با استفاده از تکنیک TOPSIS، نامه آموزش عالی، 12(45): 69-92. دهقانپور فراشاه، افسانه؛ پورعزت، علی‌اصغر؛ قلی‌پور، آرین و واعظی، رضا (1398)، رصد عوامل مؤثر بر کاهش اشتیاق کاری اعضای هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه‌های دولتی ایران، مجله پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی، ۱۲(۴۶): ۵-۳۵. ذاکرصالحی، غلامرضا (1397)، مسائل آموزش عالی ایران، تهران‮‬‏‫: پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ عزیزی، نعمت‌اله (1392)، بررسی راه‌های بهبود عملکرد پژوهشی اعضای هیئت‌علمی در علوم انسانی، فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ، 6 (21): 7-33. فراستخواه، مقصود (1395)، روش تحقیق در علوم اجتماعی با تأکید بر نظریه برپایه، تهران: آگاه‏‫.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ محمدپور، احمد (1397)، ضدروش: زمینه‌های فلسفی و رویه‌های عملی در روش‌شناسی کیفی، ویراست دوم، قم: انتشارات لوگوس. مهرعلیزاده، یداله؛ سپاسی، حسین و فرانک امیدیان (1384)، بررسی رابطه بین جو سازمانی دانشگاه و مشارکت اعضای هیئت‌علمی در تصمیم‌گیری‌های دانشگاهی، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی درآموزش عالی، بهار و تابستان، 11 (1): 1–36. Al Mehrzi, N., & Singh, S. K. (2016). Competing through employee engagement: a proposed framework. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(6), 831-843. Azizi, N. (2013). A Study of Ways to Improve Research Performance of Humanities Faculty Members. Journal of cultural strategy, 6(21), 7-33. (in Persian) Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273. Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 29(2), 147-154. Burke, R. J. (2000). Workaholism among women managers: Personal and workplace correlates. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(6), 520-534. Charmaz, K. (2014). Counstructing grounded theory. Landon: sage publications. Christensen, M., Dyrstad, J. M., & Innstrand, S. T. (2020). Academic work engagement, resources and productivity: empirical evidence with policy implications. Studies in Higher Education, 45(1), 86-99. Colan, L. J. (2009). Engaging the hearts and minds of all your employees: How to ignite passionate performance for better business results. US: McGraw-Hill. Crabtree, S., (2004). Getting personal in the workplace. Gallup Management Journal. De Guzman, A. B., & Dumantay, M. C. F. (2019). Examining the role of future time perspective (FTP) and affective commitment on the work engagement of aging Filipino professors: A structural equation model. Educational Gerontology, 45(5), 324-333. Decuypere, A., & Schaufeli, W. (2020). Leadership and work engagement: Exploring explanatory mechanisms. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(1), 69-95. Dehghanpour Farashah, A., Pourezzat, A., Gholipour, A., & Vaezi, R. (2020). Exploring the Factors Affecting Work Engagement Decline of Faculty Members of Public Universities in Iran. public Management Researches, 12(46), 5-35. doi: 10.22111/jmr.2020.31939.4817. (in persian) Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499–512. Douglas, E. J., & Morris, R. J. (2006). Workaholic, or just hard worker?. Career Development International, 11(5), 394-417. Frasatkhah, M. (2016). Qualitative Methodology in Social Science with emphasis on Grounded Theory. Tehran: Agah Publication. (in persian) Graça, M., Pais, L., Mónico, L., Dos Santos, N. R., Ferraro, T., & Berger, R. (2019). Decent Work and Work Engagement: A Profile Study with Academic Personnel. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1-23. Hasangholipour, H., & Amiry, M. (2019). Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting Retention of Faculty Members in Higher Education Using TOPSIS Technique. Higher Education Letter, 12(45), 69-92. (in Persian) Haynie, J. J., Mossholder, K. W., & Harris, S. G. (2016). Justice and job engagement: The role of senior management trust. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(6), 889-910. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H., Natemeyer, W. E. (1979). Situational Leadership, Perception, and the Impact of Power. Group & Organization Management, 4(4), 418-428. Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. Kang, H. J. (2014). A model of hospitality employee engagement. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341–349. Kelloway, E. K. (2011). Positive organizational scholarship. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 28(1), 1-3. Klassen, R. M., Aldhafri, S., Mansfield, C. F., Purwanto, E., Siu, A. F. Y., Wong, M. W., & Woods-Mcconney, A. (2012). Teachers engagement at work: An international validation study. Journal of Experimental Education, 80(4), 317-337. Klassen, R. M., Yerdelen, S., & Durksen, T. L. (2013). Measuring teacher engagement: development of the engaged teachers scale (ETS). Frontline Learning Research, 1(2), 33-52. Klem, A. M., Connell, J. P. (2004). Linking Teacher Support to Student Engagement and Achievement. Journal of School Health, 74 (7). 262-273. Kühnel, J., Sonnentag, S., & Westman, M. (2009). Does work engagement increase after a short respite? The role of job involvement as a double-edged sword. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 575–594. Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. SAGE Open, 10(1). Lawler, E. E., & Hall, D. T. (1970). Relationship of job characteristics to job involvement, satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 305–312. Lodahl, T. M., & Kejnar, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of applied psychology, 49(1), 24. Love, A. M., Findley, J. A., Ruble, L. A., & McGrew, J. H. (2020). Teacher self-efficacy for teaching students with autism spectrum disorder: Associations with stress. teacher engagement, and student IEP outcomes following COMPASS consultation. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 35(1), 47-54. Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior. Journal of management, 33(3), 321-349. Macey, W. H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Young, S. A. (2009). Employee engagement: Tools for analysis, practice, and competitive advantage. John Wiley & Sons. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422. Maylett, T., & Wride, M. (2017). The employee experience: How to attract talent, retain top performers, and drive results. John Wiley & Sons. Mehralizadeh, Y., Sepasi, H., & Omidian, F. (2005). Investigating the Relationship between University Climate and Faculty Members' Participation in Academic Decision Making. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 11 (1), 1 –36. (in persian) Meng, Q., & Sun, F. (2019). The Impact Of Psychological Empowerment On Work Engagement Among University Faculty Members In China. Psychology research and behavior management, 12, 983-990. Mohammadpour, A. (2018). Counter-Method: The Philosophical underpinnings and practical and procedures of Qualitative Methodology. Second Edition. Qom: Logos Publications. (in persian). Mostafa, A. M. S., & Abed El-Motalib, E. A. (2020). Ethical leadership, work meaningfulness, and work engagement in the public sector. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 40(1), 112-131. Mutero, D. W. (2017). The Influence of Organizational Justice on Employee Engagement in Energy Solution Providers in Kenya: A Case Study of Premier Gas Company Limited. Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa. Oates, W. E. (1971). Confessions of a workaholic: The facts about work addiction. World Publishing Company. Park, C. K., Lim, D. H., & Ju, B. (2016). Transformational leadership and teacher engagement in an international context. In O. Onchwari, J. G. Mbae, & J. Keengwe (Eds.), Handbook of research on global issues in next-generation teacher education (22-46). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Perera, H. N., Granziera, H., & McIlveen, P. (2018). Profiles of teacher personality and relations with teacher self-efficacy, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 171-178. Ramalho, R., Adams, P., Huggard, P., & Hoare, K. (2015). Literature review and constructivist grounded theory methodology. In Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 16(3), 1-13. Ree, E., & Wiig, S. (2020). Linking transformational leadership, patient safety culture and work engagement in home care services. Nursing Open, 7(1), 256-264. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(7), 893-917. Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92. Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2006). Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde: On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. Research companion to working time and work addiction, 193-217. Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315. Shuck, B., & Wollard, K. (2010). Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the foundations. Human Resource Development Review, 9(1), 89-110. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2014). Teacher self-efficacy and perceived autonomy: Relations with teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. Psychological reports, 114(1), 68-77. Sokolov, C. K. (2017). Teacher Engagement In Grades 4-8. Pepperdine University. Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L., & Kelly, K. M. (2014). Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(1), 71-82. Taylor, A. J. (2017). Examining the Relationship between Teacher Turnover and Teacher Engagement, Doctoral dissertation. The QS World University Rankings (2020). https://www.topuniversities.com/. Umbach, P. D., & Wawrzynski, M. R. (2005). Faculty do matter: The role of college faculty in student learning and engagement. Research in Higher education, 46(2), 153-184. Van den Berg, B. A. M., Bakker, A. B., & Ten Cate, T. J. (2013). Key factors in work engagement and job motivation of teaching faculty at a university medical centre. Perspectives on medical education, 2(5-6), 264-275. Van den Berg, J. W., Mastenbroek, N. J., Scheepers, R. A., & Jaarsma, A. D. C. (2017). Work engagement in health professions education. Medical teacher, 39(11), 1110-1118. Van den Berg, J. W., Verberg, C. P., Scherpbier, A. J., Jaarsma, A. D. C., Arah, O. A., & Lombarts, K. M. (2018). Faculty’s work engagement in patient care: impact on job crafting of the teacher tasks. BMC medical education, 18(1), 312. Villavicencio-Ayub, E., Jurado-Cárdenas, S., & Valencia-Cruz, A. (2014). Work engagement and occupational burnout: Its relation to organizational socialization and psychological resilience. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 6(2), 45-55. Vroom, V. H. (1962). Ego-involvement, job satisfaction, and job performance. Personnel Psychology, 15, 159–177. Zakar Salehi, G. (2019). Iranian Higher Education Issues. Tehran: Institute for Social and Cultural Studies. (in persian)