واکاوی پسایندهای سرپرستی توهین‌آمیز با رویکرد مدل‌یابی ساختاری تفسیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت رفتار سازمانی دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر تهران ایران

2 دانشیار دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان ایران

3 استادیار مجتمع مدیریت و فناوری نرم دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر تهران ایران

چکیده

رهبری سازمان، همواره روی خوش خود را نشان نمی­دهد؛ سرپرستی توهین­آمیز یکی از وجوه لبة تاریک رهبری در سازمان است که پژوهش حاضر به بررسی پسایندهای آن طبق رویکرد مدل‌یابی ساختاری تفسیری پرداخته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 15 نفر از مدیران اجرایی شهرستان ارسنجان بود که با روش‌های نمونه‌گیری مفهوم و گلوله برفی شناسایی و به همکاری دعوت شدند. پس از شناسایی پسایندهای سرپرستی توهین‌آمیز ازطریق بررسی ادبیات و پیشینه پژوهش، به‌منظور غربال‌گری داده‌های مرحله پیشین، از فن دلفی فازی و نظرسنجی از خبرگان (مدیران اجرایی) استفاده شد. پس از تأیید اعتبار و صحت این مرحله، در مرحله بعد به‌منظور کشف مدل ساختاری تفسیری، سنجة مربوط طراحی و دراختیار همان خبرگان قرار گرفت.
طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل داده‌های اخیر، در مجموع 7 متغیر در 4 سطح به‌عنوان پسایندهای سرپرستی توهین‌آمیز شناسایی شدند. سطح اول شامل پسایندهای فردی- نگرشی و
فردی- روان‌شناختی و سطح دوم شامل پسایندهای فردی – رفتاری بود. سطح سوم پسایندهای فردی -روان‌تنی و سطح چهارم پسایندهای گروهی، درون‌سازمانی و برون‌سازمانی را شامل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


آذر، عادل؛ تیزرو؛ علی؛ مقبل باعرض، عباس و انواری رستمی، علی‌اصغر (1389). طراحی مدل چابکی زنجیره تامین، رویکرد مدل‌سازی تفسیری– ساختاری. پژوهش‌های مدیریت در ایران، دوره چهاردهم، شماره چهارم: 25-1.
آذر، عادل و فرجی، حجت (1389). علم مدیریت فازی، تهران: انتشارات کتاب مهربان نشر، چاپ اول.
جزنی، نسرین و سلطانی، شاروخ (1395). بررسی تأثیر عدالت سازمانی بر تعهد سازمانی در پرتو اعتماد سازمانی. مدیریت توسعه و تحول، شماره بیست‌و‌پنجم: 36-27.
رضائیان، علی (1393). انتظار عدالت و عدالت در سازمان، تهران: انتشارات سمت، چاپ هفتم.
سلاجقه، سنجر و احمدزاده، سلیمان (1393). بررسی تأثیر رهبری تحول‌آفرین مدیران بر نگرش‌های شغلی دبیران با نقش میانجی هویت سازمانی. پژوهشنامه مدیریت تحول، سال ششم، شماره دوازدهم:
90-72.
صدرایی، امیررضا؛ براتی، سمیرا؛ حدادی، محبوبه و زال‌پور مقدم، زینب (1391). مقایسه اختلالات روان­تنی در بین مصرف‌کنندگان موادافیونی و مت آمفتامین شیشه. چهارمین کنگره بین‌المللی روان‌تنی (سایکوسوماتیک)، اصفهان، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد خوراسگان.
غلام‌پور، محمد؛ طال‌پور، مهدی؛ امیرنواد، مهدی و حسینی، سیدعماد (1389). ارتباط بین رضایت شغلی با تعهد سازمانی در مـدیران و معـاونین تربیـت‌بـدنی دانشـگاه‌هـا و مؤسسـات آمـوزش عـالی کشـور. پژوهشنامه علوم ورزشی، سال ششم، شماره دوازدهم: 38-25.
هادوی‌نژاد، مصطفی و عبادی، فاطمه (1393). نفاق مدیریت ارشد و مقاومت کارکنان در برابر تغییر: تبیین نقش میانجی اعتماد به مدیریت ارشد سازمان. پژوهشنامه مدیریت تحول، سال ششم، شماره دوازدهم: 71-49.
هادوی‌نژاد، مصطفی و کلوندی، مریم (1395). کاوش پویایی‌های پیشایندی رهبری زهرآگین با استفاده از مدل‌یابی ساختاری تفسیری. مطالعات رفتار سازمانی، سال پنجم، شماره سوم: 24-1.
Agarwal, A., Shankar, R. & Tiwari M. K. (2007). Modeling agility of supply chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(4), 443-457.
Alexander, K. (2011). Abusive supervision as a predictor of deviance and health outcomes: The exacerbating role of narcissism and social support. Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
Ali, A., Ahmad-Ur- Rehman, M., Ul Haq, I., Jam,F. A., Ghafoor, M. B. & Azeem, M. U. (2010). Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Empowerment European. Journal of Social Sciences, 17(2), 186- 193.
 
Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X., Sun, L. Y. & Debrah, Y. A. (2007). Antecedents and outcomes of abusive supervision: Test of a trickle-down model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 191-201.
Aryee, S., Sun, L. Y., Chen, Z. X. & Debrah, Y. A. (2008). Abusive supervision and contextual performance: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of work unit structure. Management and Organization Review, 4(3), 393–411.
Ashfaq, S., Mahmood, Z. & Ahmad, M. (2013). Impact of Work-Life Conflict and Work over Load on Employee Performance in Banking Sector of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(5), 688-695.
Bamberger, P. A. & Bacharach, S. B. (2006). Abusive supervision and subordinate problem drinking: Taking resistance, stress and subordinate personality into account. Human Relations, 59(6), 723–752.
Belogolovsky, E. & Somech, A. (2010). Teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior: Examining the boundary between in-role behavior and extra-role behavior from the perspective of teachers, principals and parents. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 914-923.
Blader, S. L. & Tyler, T. R. (2009). Testing and extending the group engagement model: Linkages between social identity, procedural justice, economic outcomes, and extrarole behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 445–464.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Braverman, M. (1999). Preventing workplace violence: A guide for employers and practitioners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bowen, F. & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: the dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393- 1417.
Bowling, N. A. & Michel, J. S. (2011). Why do you treat me badly? The role of attributions regarding the cause of abuse in subordinates’ responses to abusive supervision. Work and Stress, 25(4), 309–320.
Breaux, D. M., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D. & Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Time to try a little tenderness? The detrimental effects of accountability when coupled with abusive supervision. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(2), 111–122.
Burris, E. R., Detert, J. R. & Chiaburu, D. S. (2008). Quitting before leaving: The mediating effects of psychological attachment and detachment on voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 912–922.
Carlson, D., Ferguson, M., Hunter, E. & Whitten, D. (2012). Abusive supervision and work-family conflict: The path through emotional labor and burnout. Leadership Quarterly, 23(5), 849–859.
Cheng, C. & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy decision theory with linguistic criteria evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(1), 174-186.
Chi, S -C. S. & Liang, S - G. (2013). When do subordinates’ emotion-regulation strategies matter? Abusive supervision, subordinates’ emotional exhaustion, and work withdrawal. Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 125-137.
Creswell J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson.
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. & Pagon, M. (2002). Social undermining in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 331-351.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500–507.
Faisal, M., Banwet, D. K. & Shankar, R. (2006). Supply chain risk mitigation: modelling the
enablers. Business Process Management, 12(4), 535-552.
Fink, P., Toft, T., Hansen, M. S., Ørnbøl, E. & Olesen, F. (2007). Symptoms and syndromes of bodily distress: an exploratory study of 978 internal medical, neurological, and primary care patients. Psychosomatic medicine, 69(1), 30-39.
Folger, R. & Skarlicki, D. (1999). Unfairness and resistance to change: hardship as mistreatment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(1), 35-50.
Grandey, A. A., Kern, J. & Frone, M. (2007). Verbal abuse from outsiders versus insiders: Comparing frequency, impact on emotional exhaustion, and the role of emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 63-79.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76–88.
Harris, K. J., Harvey, P. & Kacmar, K. M. (2011). Abusive supervisory reactions to coworker relationship conflict. The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 1010–1023.
Harris, K. J., Harvey, P., Harris, R. B. & Cast, M. (2013). An investigation of abusive supervision, vicarious abusive supervision, and their joint impacts. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(1), 38–50.
Harris, K. J., Kacmar, K. M. & Boonthanum, R. (2005). The interrelationship between abusive supervision, leadermember exchange, and various outcomes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Los Angeles.
Harvey, P., Stoner, J., Hochwarter, W. & Kacmar, C. (2007). Coping with abusive supervision: The neutralizing effects of ingratiation and positive affect on negative employee outcomes. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 264–280.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources – a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
Hobman, E. V., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P. & Tang, R. L. (2009). Abusive supervision in advising relationships: Investigating the role of social support. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58, 233–256.
Huang, J., Tzeng G. & Ong, Ch. (2005). Multidimensional data in multidimensional scaling
using the analytic network process. Pattern Recognition Letters, 26(6), 755-767.
Inness, M., Barling, J. & Turner, N. (2005). Understanding supervisor-targeted aggression: A within-person, between-jobs design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 731-739.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692– 724.
Keashly, L. (1998). Emotional abuse at work: Conceptual and empirical issues. Journal of
Emotional Abuse
, 1, 85-95.
Keashly, L. & Harvey, S. (2005). Emotional abuse in the workplace. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector(Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets(pp. 201-236).Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Keashly, L., Trott, V. & MacLean, L. M. (1994). Abusive behavior in the workplace: A preliminary investigation. Violence & Victims, 9(4), 341-357.
Kernan, M. C., Watson, S., Chen, F. F. & Kim, T. G. (2011). How cultural values affect the impact of abusive supervision on worker attitudes. Cross Cultural Management, 18, 464–484.
Khan, S. N., Qureshi, I. M. & Ahmad, H. I. (2010). Abusive supervision and negative employee outcomes. European journal of social sciences, 15(4), 490-500.
Krasikova, D. V., Green, S. G. & LeBreton, J. M. (2013). Destructive leadership: A theoretical review,integration, and future research agenda. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1308–1338.
Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation – the relationship between man and organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 9(4), 370–390.
Lian, H. W., Ferris, D. L. & Brown, D. J. (2012). Does taking the good with the bad make things worse? How abusive supervision and leader-member exchange interact to impact need satisfaction and organizational deviance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 117(1), 41–52.
Lin, W. P., Wang, L. & Chen, S. T. (2013). Abusive supervision and employee well-being: The moderating effect of power distance orientation. Applied Psychology, 62(2), 308–329.
Liu, D., Liao, H. & Loi, R. (2012). The dark side of leadership: A three-level investigation of the cascading effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 55(5), 1187– 1212.
Liu, X. Y. & Wang, J. (2013). Abusive supervision and organizational citizenship behavior: Is supervisor subordinate guanxi a mediator?. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(7), 1471– 1489.
Mandal, A. & Deshmukh S. G. (1994). Vendor selection using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). International Journal of Operation & Production Management, 14(6), 52-59.
Marcus-Newhall, A., Pedersen, W. C., Carlson, M. & Miller, N. (2000). Displaced aggression is alive and well: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,78, 670 – 689.
Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Brees, J. R. & Mackey, J. (2013). A review of abusive supervision research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), 120–137.
Mawritz, M. B., Mayer, D. M., Hoobler, J. M., Wayne, S. J. & Marinova, S. V. (2012). A trickle-down model of abusive supervision. Personnel Psychology, 65, 325–357.
Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A. & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of workfamily conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689–725.
Mitchell, M. S. & Ambrose, M. L. (2007). Abusive supervision and workplace deviance and the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1159–1168.
O'Brien, L., Berry, H. & Hogan, A. (2012). The structure of psychological life satisfaction: insights from farmers and a general community sample in Australia. BMC Public Health, 12, 976 – 986.
Piko, B. F. & Hamvai, C. (2010). Parent, school and peer-related correlates of adolescents' life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1479-1482.
Priesemuth, M., Schminke, M., Ambrose, M. & Folger, R. (2014). Abusive supervision climate: A multiplemediation model of its impact on group outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1513–1534.
Rafferty, A. E. & Restubog, S. L. D. (2011). The influence of abusive supervisors on followers’ organizational citizenship behaviours: The hidden costs of abusive supervision. British Journal of Management, 22(2), 270–285.
Ravi, V. & Shankar, R. (2005). Analysis of interactions among the barriers of reverse logistics. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 72(8), 1011 -1029.
 
Restubog, S. L. D., Scott, K. L. & Zagenczyk, T. J. (2011). When distress hits home: The role of contextual factors and psychological distress in predicting employees’ responses to abusive supervision. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 713–729.
Schat, A. C. H., Desmarais, S. & Kelloway, E. K. (2006). Exposure to workplace aggression from multiple sources: Validation of a measure and test of a model. Unpublished manuscript, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Shoss, M. K., Eisenberger, R., Restubog, S. L. D. & Zagenczyk, T. J. (2013). Blaming the organization for abusive supervision: The roles of perceived organizational support and supervisor’s organizational embodiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(1), 158–168.
Tedeschi, J. T. & Norman, N. (1985). A social psychological interpretation of displaced aggression. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 2, pp. 29 –56). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190
Tepper, B. J. (2007). Abusive supervision in work organizations: Review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Management, 33(3), 261-289.
Tepper, B. J., Duffy, M. K. & Shaw, J. D. (2001). Personality moderators of the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates’ resistance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 974–983.
Tepper, B. J., Duffy, M. K., Hoobler, J. & Ensley, M. D. (2004). Moderators of the relationships between coworkers’ organizational citizenship behavior and fellow employees’ attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 455–465.
Tepper, B. J., Moss, S. E., Lockhart, D. E. & Carr, J. C. (2007). Abusive supervision, upward maintenance communication, and subordinates’ psychological distress. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1169–1180.
Thau, S. & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Self-gain or self-regulation impairment? Tests of competing explanations of the supervisor abuse and employee deviance relationship through perceptions of distributive justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 1009–1031.
Thau, S., Bennett, R. J., Mitchell, M. S. & Marrs, M. B. (2009). How management style moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and workplace deviance: An uncertainty management theory perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), 79–92.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 235–244.
Xu, E., Huang, X., Lam, C. K. & Miao, Q. (2012). Abusive supervision and work behaviors: The mediating role of lmx. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(4), 531–543.
Yagil, D. (2006). The relationship of abusive and supportive workplace supervision to employee burnout and upward influence tactics. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(1), 49–65.
Yagil, D., Ben-Zur, H. & Tamir, I. (2011). Do employees cope effectively with abusive supervision at work? An exploratory study. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(1), 5–23.
Zellars, K. L., Tepper, B. J. & Duffy, M. K. (2002). Abusive supervision and subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1068–1076.